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Red Blood Cell Life Cycle - 120 days Short Cover.The life span of a R.B.C in the blood stream is 120 days. The red blood cells lack a nucleus thus further production of any new cellular component is not possible. The production of R.B.C. requires four days. The factors affecting the stimulation of the R.B.C. production are hemorrhage, damage to bone marrow, exposure to high altitude, exercise, hemolytic diseases, lower hemoglobin levels and certain practices like the red blood doping observed in sports
also causes increase in the red blood count. This increases the hemoglobin and the red blood cell content by around twenty percent (20%).
Stages involved in its production:
Hemocytoblasts: These are the stem cells that which are responsible for the formation of blood cells.
Proerythtroblasts: These are formed by the multiplication of stem cells.
The early erythroblasts: This is marked by the onset of the erythropoises.
The late erythroblasts: In this state the nucleus is removed from the cell. Reticulate: It has 1to 3% red blood cells.
The mature erythrocytes: There is loss of ribosome and they enter the blood stream.
Systematic review of the events:
The hypoxia or low blood pressure stimulates the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the nephrons ion the kidneys to release the enzyme erythropoietin. This enables in the inducing the red marrow of the bones to produce the proerythroblasts. This reduces the time span for the production of R.B.C.s. This promotes the increase in R.B.C. production to be able to carry more oxygen, thus in turn it causes a negative feed back control on the R.B.C. production.
Breakdown of the R.B.C.s:
There is around 2.5 million red blood cells destroyed every second. That contributes up to 0.00001% out of trillions. These are maintained by the homeostasis. After a span of 120days, the cells disintegrate due to aging. These are generally removed by the phagocytic action of the macrophages in liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Others hemolyze in the cells, the chemical composition is broken in the cellular matrix due to the action of lysosomal enzymes. The excessive iron released is stored in the liver and the bone marrow. The globin is digested in the amino acids and further converted in to proteins.
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